## Introduction

These notes summarise the keyboard commands and game menus in Fly. There is also a list of command line options that can be used when starting the program. It contains the following sections:

- Keyboard Controls
- Menus
- Joystick Buttons
- Joystick Configuration
- Command Line Options

## Keyboard Commands

These can be split into several groups:

- Flight Controls
- Other Flying Controls
- Throttle
- Viewing
- Navigation Aids
- Game Controls

## Flight Controls

The simulation can be flown using a joystick, mouse or the keyboard. Joystick is best. The game defaults to keyboard if no joystick is attached. Keyboard controls are as follows:

Cursor up or Keypad 8
  Pitch down
Cursor down or Keypad 2
  Pitch up
Cursor left or Keypad 4
  Roll left
Cursor right or Keypad 6
  Roll right
, or Keypad 0
  Rudder left
. or Keypad .
  Rudder right

## Other Flying Controls

Space bar
  Fire selected weapon
Backspace or enter
  Cycle through weapon selection
f
  Fire a flare
c
  Drop chaff
Ctrl j
  Jettison stores
Ctrl e
  Eject from aircraft
g
  Toggle gear down or up
s
  Lower flaps in ten degree steps. Maximum flap angle is thirty degrees.
x
  Raise flaps in ten degree steps.
b
  Open/close airbrakes.
w
  Apply/release wheel brakes.
Keypad -
  Decrease elevator trim.
Keypad +
  Increase elevator trim.
Keypad *
  Set elevator trim to 0.
Ctrl n
  Switch altimeter to radar altimeter mode. This shows the height of the aircraft above ground level
Ctrl b
  Switch altimeter to barometric altimeter mode. This shows the height of the aircraft above sea level

## Throttle

1 to 9 and 0
  Set throttle to between 25% (1) to 100% (0)
= or Keypad 9
  Increase throttle setting by 1%
- or keypad 3
  Decrease throttle setting by 1%
e
  Start/stop engine
_ (Underscore)
  Reduce throttle setting to 0
+
  Set throttle setting to 100%

## Viewing

F1
  Look forwards
Shift F1
  Look back
F2
  Look left 60 degrees
F3
  Look right 60 degrees
F4
  Move cockpit image up and down
F5
  Look left 120 degrees
F6
  Look right 120 degrees
F7
  Pan left (anticlockwise when viewed from above) whilst key is held down
F8
  Pan right (clockwise when viewed from above) whilst key is held down
F9
  Pan up whilst key is held down
F10
  Pan down whilst key is held down
Page Up
  Increase viewing magnification by a factor of two.
Page Down
  Decrease viewing magnification by a factor of two.
Alt F1
  Reset viewing direction and elevatio to straight ahead and magnification to one
Alt v
  Return viewpoint in game to aircraft the player is flying
v
  Switch viewpoint to a position following the aircraft. The viewing direction controls, F1, F2 and so forth, can be used to move around the aircraft.
o
  Switch viewpoint to an observer in front of the aircraft. The view tracks the aircraft.
Alt m
  Switch viewpoint to that of the missile if a missile has just been fired.
d
  Turn on/off target tracking.
p
  Turn on/off padlock view.
tab
  Switch viewpoint to the next friendly or hostile object within five kilometres of the aircraft
Alt h
  Display a HUD when using either the track or outside views for aircraft that have HUDs. A radar display is also shown in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen.
Alt f
  Display the aircraft bearing, height and speed at the top of the screen when using either the track or outside views. This can be used for any aircraft types. `Alt h`turns on this display for aircraft that do not have HUDs.
Alt j
  Display an indicator that shows the aircraft control column position in the top right-hand corner of the screen when flying the aircraft using either the keyboard or mouse.
Alt b
  Turn on/off lag mode. When viewing the aircraft using the track or outside views, the viewpoint lags behind the aircraft when it manoeuvres rather than is fixed in position relative to the aircraft

## Navigation Aids

Ctrl m
  Display a map. The aircraft is the white dot. Press any key to return to the aircraft view.
/
  Scan for the next NDB with a higher frequency
Shift /
  Scan for the next NDB with a lower frequency
;
  Scan for the next VOR on NAV radio 1 with a higher frequency
Shift ;
  Scan for the next VOR on NAV radio 1 with a lower frequency
'
  Scan for the next VOR on NAV radio 2 with a higher frequency
Shift '
  Scan for the next VOR on NAV radio 2 with a lower frequency
[
  Select next radial on VOR 1
Shift [
  Select previous radial on VOR 1
# or \
  Select next radial on VOR 2
Shift # or Shift \
  Select previous radial on VOR 2
i
  Select nearest ILS

## Game Controls

Alt-x
  Leave the game.
Esc or Alt-o
  Show game options menu (See the section Menus)
Alt-p
  Pause the game. To resume press p. it is possible to save a copy of the screen by pressing `g`. (See `Alt-g` below.)
q
  Toggle engine sound on or off
Ctrl-q
  Turn all sounds on and off
Alt-g
  save a copy of the screen in a file. The file is called either `GRABx.PCX` or `GRABx.BMP` where `x` is a number. The first screen saved would be put in file `GRAB1.BMP`, the second in `GRAB2.BMP` and so forth. The files created are BMP format files if the command line option `-b` is used.
Ctrl s
  Increase the haze effect
Alt s
  Decrease the haze effect
Ctrl g
  Superimpose a grid showing 0.5 Km squares on the screen.
Alt t
  Show information on how the program is running in the top left-hand corner of the screen

## Menus

Pressing either the `Alt o`, `Esc` or `Menu` key brings up a menu that allows a number of game options to be set.

      +----------------+
      | FST Simulator  |
      +----------------+
      |Controls        |
      |Display         |
      |Simulation      |
      |Sounds          |
      |Save as Default |
      |About           |
      |Exit Simulation |
      +----------------+

The menu entries carry out the following tasks:

Controls
  This is a submenu used to set the main flight controls to either the joystick, keyboard or mouse. See the section Controls Menu below.
Display
  This leads to a submenu that is used to control the game's on-screen appearance covered in section Display Menu below.
Simulation
  Various aspects of the game can be controlled from this submenu, which is described in the section Simulation Menu.
Sounds
  Another submenu, this controls the game sounds. It is described in the section Sound Menu.
Save as Default
  Save the current settings from the controls, display, simulation and sound menus as the simulator default values. The information is stored in the file `MENU.CFG`in the same directory as the one containing all the file of the simulation being played.
About
  Copyright and contact information on the simulator.
Exit Simulation
  End the simulation.

### Controls Menu

This sets the main flight controls. It contains the following entries:

      +----------+
      |Joystick  |
      |Mouse     |
      |Keyboard  |
      +----------+

Joystick
  This selects the joystick. If it needs to be calibrated the program will prompt you. The joystick has another menu that pops up automatically when the joystick is selected. This says what the joystick is to be used for and is described in the section Joystick Controls
Mouse
  This selects the mouse as the main flight control
Keyboard
  This selects the keyboard as the main flight control

The program defaults to 'keyboard' if nothing else has been selected and there is no joystick plugged in.

### Joystick Controls

      +-----------------+
      | Roll/pitch only |
      | Analog Rudder   |
      | Analog Throttle |
      +-----------------+

Roll/pitch only
  The joystick controls the roll and pitch of the aircraft in the normal way.
Analog Rudder
  If the joystick has an extra analogue control, this is used to control the rudder.
Analog Throttle
  If the joystick has an extra analogue control, this is used to control the engine throttle setting.

### Display Menu

The display menu controls the screen resolution and the visual appearance of the scenery.

      +-----------------+
      | Screen size     |
      | Horizon shading |
      | Increase haze   |
      | Decrease haze   |
      +-----------------+

Screen size
  This leads to another sub menu where the screen resolution can be set. See the section Screen Sizes
Horizon shading
  This turns off or on the distance haze and sky banding effects.
Increase haze
  This increases the amount of haze. It has the same effect as the keyboard command `Ctrl-s`.
Decrease haze
  This decreases the amount of haze. It has the same effect as the keyboard command `Alt-s`.

### Screen Sizes

The program can run in a number of different screen sizes. This can be changed when the game is running using the screen size menu.

      +--------------------------+
      | 640 by 480, 256 colours  |
      | 800 by 600, 256 colours  |
      | 1024 by 768, 256 colours |
      +--------------------------+

Screen sizes of 640 by 480, 800 by 600 and 1024 by 768 are allowed. The program will switch to the new size positioning the cockpit bitmap in the middle of the screen.

Changing the screen resolution affects the field of view. It does not alter the level of detail.

The screen resolution cannot be changed if the cockpit bitmap is larger than the resolution wanted, for example, it is not possible to change to 640 by 480 when the bitmap is 800 by 600. Increasing the resolution to 1024 by 768 is fine.

### Simulation Menu

      +------------------------+
      | Simulator time         |
      | Restart after crash    |
      | Exit after crash       |
      | Ground crash           |
      | Blackout/redout effect |
      | Show chase HUD         |
      | Show alt/asi/heading   |
      | Chase view lag effect  |
      | Show stick position    |
      +------------------------+

Simulator time
  This pops up another menu that allows the game time to be set. It is describe in the section Time Menu.
Restart after crash
  If this option is selected the game restarts after the aircraft piloted by the player crashes.
Exit after crash
  If this option is selected the game ends after the aircraft piloted by the player crashes.

  If neither this nor the previous option are ticked, the simulator will ask whether to restart or end the game.

Ground crash
  This does not do anything at the moment.
Blackout/redout effect Selecting this option means that the program will simulate blackout and redout affects if aircraft manoeuvres are too aggressive, for example, pulling up violently into a steep climb, will cause a blackout effect where the screen is blanked.
Show chase HUD A HUD is displayed (for those aircraft that can use them) when either the chase ('v') or outside ('o') viewing positions are used. The HUD allows the aircraft to be flown more easily when using these viewpoints. A small radar display is also drawn in the bottom right-hand corner of the screen. The HUD information is fixed and laid out as follows:

    		speed in knots		altitude

    					VSI

    					Engine RPM

    			Selected weapon

An attitude ladder and a heading tape are also drawn.

The chase HUD can also be turned on and off using `Alt-h` on the keyboard.

Show alt/asi/heading
This is an alternative to the chase HUD and can be used for any aircraft when the viewpoint is outside the aircraft. It shows some information on the aircraft at the top of the screen as follows:

        HDG: 123  SPD: 1234  ALT: 1234

It gives the compass bearing (HDG) speed of the aircraft (SPD) and altitude (ALT).

This information can also be turned on and off by using `Alt-f` on the keyboard. `Alt-h` will also turn it on for aircraft that do not have HUDs.

Chase view lag effect
  This option affects the chase view (keyboard option 'v'). If it is selected then the viewer's position lags behind that of the aircraft as the aircraft rolls and turns and then catches up with it instead of always being in a fixed place relative to the aircraft. This can also be turned on and off using `Alt-b` on the keyboard.
Show stick position
  This option is only of use if flying the aircraft using the keyboard or mouse. If selected, it draws a small graphic in the top right-hand corner of the screen that shows the position of the aircraft's control column. This can also be turned on and off from the keyboard using `Alt-j`.

### Time Menu

The menu is as follows:

      +------------------+
      | Set time to now  |
      | Set time         |
      | Daylight change  |
      +------------------+

Set time to now
  Selecting this option sets the game time to the time as set on the computer.
Set time
  This allows the game time to be set to a specific time. A simple dialogue box is displayed allowing the time to be typed in. It should be typed in using the twenty-four hour clock, for example, half past four in the afternoon should be entered as:

          16:30

Daylight change
  If this option is selected then the level of daylight changes according to the time of day. After sunset, game time, it starts getting dark and stay dark until shortly before sunrise.

  The sunrise and sunset times in the simulator vary according to the time of year. They are not very precise but are good enough. If this is inconvenient then either the 'daylight change' option can be turned off or the supposed date on which the simulation is being run set using the 'GAMEDATE' symbol in the `world.fst` file. This gives the day and month, for example:

          GAMEDATE 2103

  would set the game date to March 21st.

  ### Sounds Menu

  This menu contains the following entries:

        +--------------+
        | Engine noise |
        | All sounds   |
        +--------------+

  The two options on this menu turn on and off the aircraft sound effects.
  Engine noise
    Thus turns on and off the aircraft engine noise. It is the same as keyboard command `q`.
  All Sounds
    This turns on and off all sounds, including the engine noise. It is the same as keyboard command `Ctrl-q`

  ## Joystick Buttons

  The actions that can be carried out by the joystick buttons are as follows. It depends on how many buttons a joystick has as to which of these work, for example, a two button joystick could only carry out the first two.
  Button 1
    Fire weapon
  Button 2
    Cycle to next weapon
  Button 3
    lower and raise undercarriage toggle
  Button 4
    Cycle flap position
  Button 5
    Turn on/off engines
  Button 6
    Toggle wheel brake on and off
  Button 7
    Toggle airbrake on and off

  ## Joystick Configuration

  Fly looks for a file called `ALLEGRO.JOY` for the joystick configuration information. If it cannot find it, the program will prompt the player to configure it. It displays on screen the message:

      	Move stick to the top left then press a key

  Move the joystick to the top left limit of its movement and press a key on the keyboard. The second message printed is:

      	Move stick to the bottom right then press a key

  Again, do that and press a key on the keyboard. That finishes the calibration. The details are saved in `ALLEGRO.JOY`.

  Note that it is not possible to request that the joystick be reconfigured. If the joystick starts to misbehave, the only option is to delete ALLEGRO.JOY and start from scratch.

  ## Command Line Options

  Fly has a number of command line options. The general format of the fly command is:

      Fly <world file name> <options>

  where:
  <world file name>
    This is the name of the world file to use. The name of the file can be given here or after the option `-w`. It omitted it defaults to `WORLD.FST`.
  <Options>
    These are the command line options, described below. They are broken into two groups, Common Options for the more commonly used options and Obscure Options for the rest.

  ### Common Options

  These control things such as the screen size.
  `-v`
    This sets the screen size. The possibilities are:
    `-v6`
      640 by 480, 256 colours
    `-v8`
      800 by 600, 256 colours
    `-v1`
      1024 by 768, 256 colours
    The screen size has to be the same or larger than the size of the cockpit bitmap. If the screen size is larger then the cockpit bitmap is placed centrally on the screen with a black border to mask the parts of the screen that should not be visible.
  `-w`
    This allows the name of the world file to be given if the program is not to use the default of `WORLD.FST`. It is possible for more that one world file to be used; the program merges their contents.
  `-p`
    It is possible to have more than one player aircraft in a simulation. This option gives the name of the player aircraft to use. It omitted it defaults to `Player`.
  `-c`
    This allows the name of the palette file to be given. Normally the program will look for the file `COLS.FCD` or the one named in the file `FST.FPJ`. This option allows it to be given on the command line and takes precedence over any other.
  `-d`
    The game ends when the player's aircraft crashes.

  ### Obscure Options

  These control other aspects of the game.
  `-nw`
    Fly normally complains about any shape files it cannot find, giving the player the option to give up or continue using a default shape in place of the missing shape (a box). This option tells the program to skip the error message and just use the default shape.
  `-ns`
    Turn off all sounds.
  `-b`
    This option tells the program to save screen grabs as BMP format files. They can be viewed in Paint or even used as the Windows wallpaper! (Your starter for ten points: which developer is that sad?)
  `-e`
    Start the game with the aircraft engine noise running.

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